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自1982年《联合国海洋法公约》产生以来,截止到2000年10月,世界上已经有105个国家建立了200海里专属经济区。专属经济区制度的确立使原来在别国领海基线200海里以内作业的渔船纷纷转向公海,包括跨界鱼类和高度洄游鱼类在内的公海鱼类面临着形势更为严峻的捕捞压力。另一方面,《联合国海洋法公约》的颁布使得公海捕鱼必须严格遵守其有关公海鱼类的规定,如溯河产卵种群的规定,高度洄游鱼类和跨界鱼类的相关规定等。
Since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea came into being in 1982, as of October 2000, 105 countries in the world have established a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone. The establishment of a system of exclusive economic zones has led to the transfer of fishing vessels operating within 200 nautical miles of the baseline of other territorial waters to the high seas. The open-sea fishes, including straddling and highly migratory fish stocks, are facing even more severe fishing pressures. On the other hand, the promulgation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has made it all the more necessary for the high seas to fish in strict compliance with the provisions of the relevant high seas fish, such as the provisions of the anadromous spawning stock, the highly migratory species and the related provisions of straddling fish.