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本文在对早期上海外资工业考订、统计、分类的基础上提出了1843年上海开埠不久就出现了外资近代工业。依据其投资数额及企业的规模,工业门类的开拓发展,工业投资主要方向及趋势所表现的不同时期不同的特征,将1843—1894年间上海外资工业发展划分为三个阶段。文中对传统的外资工业“均为”掠夺性质的旧说提出异议,认为上海“早期”外资工业的性质,主要是中外贸易发展的附属物,同时,在一定程度上具有东西文化交流的意义。文章还认为,应当承认地区的特点,在上海早期外资工业发展的第三阶段,已经蕴含着资本输出的前兆,出现了由自由竞争向垄断过渡的趋势。
Based on the examination, statistics and classification of the foreign-funded industries in Shanghai in the early days, this paper proposed that the foreign-funded modern industry appeared soon after the opening of Shanghai in 1843. According to the amount of investment and the scale of the enterprise, the pioneering and developing of the industrial sectors, the different directions of the main directions and trends of industrial investment, the development of foreign-funded industries in Shanghai from 1843 to 1894 is divided into three stages. The paper argues against the old predatory nature of “both” foreign-funded industries. He argues that the nature of the “early” foreign-funded industries in Shanghai is mainly an appendage to the development of Chinese and foreign trade. At the same time, it has the significance of cultural exchange between East and West. The article also believes that the characteristics of the region should be acknowledged. In the third stage of the development of Shanghai’s foreign-funded industries in the early days, the precursor to capital output already contained a precursor to the trend of transition from free competition to monopoly.