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目的探讨松滋市新生儿母乳喂养情况及其对新生儿远期智能发育的影响。方法收集2014年1-12月在该院分娩的产妇及新生儿1 125例,对新生儿喂养情况进行调查并分析影响母乳喂养的相关因素。对纳入的新生儿随访12个月,观察不同母乳喂养方式对新生儿生长发育及智能发育的影响。结果 1 125例新生儿中母乳喂养358例(31.82%),混合喂养242例(21.51%),人工喂养525例(46.67%)。经Logistic分析可知,产后泌乳时间>3 d、母乳分泌量<500 ml/d、剖宫产、孕期未接受健康教育是影响母乳喂养的独立危险因素。母乳喂养组随访6和12个月时新生儿体重增长值、身长增长值、头围增长值大于人工喂养组及混合喂养组(P<0.05)。母乳喂养组随访6和12个月时新生儿适应性、大运动、精细运动、语言、个人-社交评分均高于人工喂养组及混合喂养组(P<0.05)。结论松滋市新生儿母乳喂养率较低,受母乳分泌量、产后泌乳时间、分娩方式、孕期健康教育等因素影响。与其他喂养方式相比,母乳喂养能更好地促进新生儿体格及智能发育。
Objective To investigate the breast-feeding status of neonates in Songzi City and its effect on long-term intelligent development of newborns. Methods A total of 1 125 maternal and newborn babies were delivered in this hospital from January to December 2014. The newborns’ feeding status was investigated and the factors influencing breastfeeding were analyzed. The newborn infants were followed up for 12 months to observe the effects of different breastfeeding methods on the growth and development of newborns. Results Among 1251 newborns, 358 (31.82%) were breastfed, 242 (21.51%) were fed by mixed feeding and 525 (46.67%) were fed by artificial feeding. Logistic analysis shows that postpartum lactation time> 3 d, breast milk secretion <500 ml / d, cesarean section, pregnancy is not an independent health education is an independent risk factor for breastfeeding. The body weight gain, growth length and head circumference growth of newborns in breastfeeding group were higher than that of artificial feeding group and mixed feeding group at 6 and 12 months follow-up (P <0.05). The newborn’s adaptability, big exercise, fine exercise, language, individual-social score in breastfeeding group were higher than those in artificial feeding group and mixed feeding group at 6 and 12 months follow-up (P <0.05). Conclusion Songzi neonatal breastfeeding rate is low, affected by breast milk secretion, postpartum lactation time, mode of delivery, health education during pregnancy and other factors. Compared with other feeding methods, breastfeeding can better promote newborn physical and intellectual development.