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【目的】探究大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松林对降雨的截留再分配及树冠下穿透雨空间分布规律,了解兴安落叶松林生态水文过程。【方法】通过长期定位观测研究的方法,获取了2013年兴安落叶松林19场降雨事件的林外降雨、穿透雨和树干径流的观测数据,采用相关分析,总结了兴安落叶松林降雨再分配规律,比较了树冠下不同位置处穿透雨的变异性。【结果】观测期内兴安落叶松林的林冠截留量、穿透雨量和树干径流量依次为35.14、148.61和0.250 7 mm,分别占大气降雨量的19.10%、80.77%和0.14%;不同降雨事件中,树冠不同位置处的穿透雨具有空间异质性;当降雨量、温度等气象因子一致时,3/4树冠半径处的穿透雨变异最小,树冠外缘(4/4树冠半径处)变异最大;当冠层结构稳定时,穿透雨的变异程度均随降雨量的增加而减小,二者呈一定的负相关性(P<0.01)。【结论】穿透雨是兴安落叶松林降雨再分配的主要水文分量(约占降雨量的81%),选择变异最小、最接近林分穿透雨率(误差约1%)的3/4树冠半径处布设穿透雨收集装置,能够适当减少野外工作量,提高科研观测效率,可为落叶松林区森林水文模型的参数化提供依据。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the interception and redistribution of precipitation and spatial distribution of under-canopy under canopy in Larix gmelinii forest in the northern Greater Hinggan Mountains to understand the ecological and hydrological processes of Larix gmelinii forest. 【Method】 By means of long-term observation and observation, the data of rainfall, transpiration and trunk runoff of 19 Larix gmelinii forests in 2013 in Xing’an were obtained. Based on the correlation analysis, the law of rains redistribution in Larix gmelinii forest was summarized , Comparing the variability of rain penetration at different locations under the canopy. 【Result】 The results showed that the canopy interception, penetration and trunk runoff of Larix gmelinii forest were 35.14, 148.61 and 0.250 7 mm in sequence, accounting for 19.10%, 80.77% and 0.14% of the rainfall respectively. During different rainfall events , And the penetrating rain at three-fourths of the canopy had the smallest variation when the meteorological factors such as rainfall and temperature were consistent. The outer edge of the canopy (at the radius of 4/4 canopy) When the canopy structure was stable, the degree of variation of through-the-rains decreased with the increase of rainfall, showing a negative correlation (P <0.01). 【Conclusion】 Penetrating rain is the main component of rainfall redistribution in Larix gmelinii forest (about 81% of the rainfall), the 3/4 canopy with the smallest variation and the closest penetration rate (about 1% error) The installation of radiating rain collection device at the radius can reduce the workload in the field and improve the efficiency of scientific research and observation, which can provide the basis for parameterization of forest hydrological model in larch forest.