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比较了PCR、涂片法、OT试验及胸膜活检4种方法诊断结核性胸膜炎的临床价值。结果显示：PCR法灵敏度为48％，显著高于其它诸法（P＜0．05或0．01），其特异度为91．6％，与其它诸法接近（P均＞0．05）。PCR法具有快速、灵敏、简便及不依赖结核菌培养等优点，应作为胸腔积液患者的常规检查项目。但其假阴性率、假阳性率分别达52％和8．4％，致其可信性受限。本文对产生假阴性和假阳性的原因进行了分析，并提出了减少假阴性和假阳性的方法。
The clinical value of four methods of PCR, smear, OT and pleural biopsy were compared to diagnose tuberculous pleurisy. The results showed that the sensitivity of PCR was 48%, which was significantly higher than that of other methods (P <0.05 or 0.01). The specificity was 91.6%, which was close to other methods (all P> 0.05) . PCR method has the advantages of fast, sensitive, simple and independent culture, and should be used as routine examination items of patients with pleural effusion. However, their false-negative rate and false-positive rate were 52% and 8.4% respectively, which led to their limited credibility. This article analyzes the causes of false negatives and false positives and proposes ways to reduce false negatives and false positives.