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1984年图书价格放开以来,中国图书价格出现过快的上涨。本文从纵向价格形成机制的角度来解释其内在逻辑。中国图书高价格形成的内在机制是行政垄断下的纵向局部市场垄断势力,其推高了图书最终零售价格并扭曲产业链利润分配。在政府严格的行政管制下,出版环节具有可维持的行政垄断势力,通过实行转售价格维持,垄断性出版社攫取了大部分的产业链利润并导致图书价格持续上涨。因此,放松出版环节严格的进入管制和引入竞争是降低图书价格和提高消费者福利的根本政策选择。
Since the book prices were liberalized in 1984, the price of Chinese books has risen too fast. This article explains its internal logic from the perspective of vertical price formation mechanism. The inherent mechanism of the high price of books in China is the vertical monopoly power under the administrative monopoly, which pushed up the final retail price of books and distorted the profit distribution in the industrial chain. Under the strict administrative control of the government, the publishing sector has a sustainable administrative monopoly power. Through the implementation of the resale price, monopoly publishers seized most of the profits of the industrial chain and led to the continuous rise of book prices. Therefore, relaxing the strict control of the publishing sector and introducing competition are the fundamental policy options for lowering book prices and increasing consumer welfare.