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1989~1992年,在广西肝癌肝炎高发区隆安县开展乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫规划(EPI)的模式研究,乙肝疫苗纳入EPI每两个月运转一次,不筛检孕妇,全体新生儿接种10μg×3剂量疫苗,首针疫苗室温保存,由接生员注射;第2、3针纳入EPI,与OPV,DPT或MV联合接种。研究结果证明,该免疫模式可提高接种率,1、2、3针乙肝疫苗接种率分别为97.9%、96.2%和93.6%,较纳入EPI前的1987年提高15%,大规模免疫后4年,4岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率平均为1.5%,与免疫前本底对照的11.9%比较,下降88.1%,有效地预防了HBV的感染和慢性携带状态,研究结果还表明乙肝疫苗可直接,灵活纳入EPI,在交通不便和冷藏条件不足的地区,乙肝血源疫苗可室温保存,满足新生儿在家中及时接种。该免疫模式可能是我国乙肝高发区控制乙型肝炎的最有效和易行的策略。
From 1989 to 1992, a model study of planned hepatitis B vaccine immunization program (EPI) was conducted in Long’an County, a district of high incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in Guangxi. The hepatitis B vaccine was administered every two months for EPI without screening of pregnant women. All neonates were vaccinated with 10 μg × 3 Dose vaccine, the first dose of vaccine at room temperature, by the midwife injection; 2,3 needles incorporated into the EPI, and OPV, DPT or MV co-vaccination. The results show that the immunization model can improve the vaccination rate, the vaccination rates of 1,2,3 and 3-needle hepatitis B vaccines were 97.9%, 96.2% and 93.6% respectively, up 15% from 1987 before inclusion in EPI, Four years after the large-scale immunization, the average HBsAg positive rate of children under 4 years of age was 1.5%, which was 88.1% lower than that of 11.9% of the baseline control before immunization, effectively preventing HBV infection and chronic carrying State, the results also showed that hepatitis B vaccine can be directly and flexibly included EPI, in traffic inconvenience and lack of refrigerated areas, hepatitis B blood vaccine can be stored at room temperature to meet the timely inoculation of newborns at home. The immune model may be the most effective and feasible strategy for controlling hepatitis B in high incidence areas of hepatitis B in our country.