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受宪法和刑法不同性质的影响,对于宪法学视野中的政治权利应进行扩张性解释,对于刑法学视野中的政治权利则应进行限制性解释,而不能将二者等而视之。具体而言,在宪法学上,应将1982年《宪法》中的“政治权利”理解为宪法规定的公民所享有的决定政治事项、参与政治活动并知悉政治信息的权利;在刑法学中,应将1997年《刑法》中的“政治权利”理解为行为人所享有的选举和被选举为各级人民代表大会代表的权利,政治性的言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利,担任国家机关公务性职务的权利以及担任国有公司、企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。
Influenced by the different nature of the Constitution and the Criminal Law, the political rights in the perspective of constitutional law should be interpreted expansively, and the political rights in the criminal law jurisprudence should be interpreted restrictively, not the two. Specifically, in constitutional law, the “political rights” in the 1982 Constitution should be understood as citizens’ right to decide on political matters, participate in political activities and know political information as prescribed by the Constitution. In criminal law , The “political rights” in the 1997 Criminal Law should be understood as the rights of the perpetrators, the right to be elected as representatives of people’s congresses at all levels, political speech, publication, assembly, association and procession The right to demonstrate freedom, the right to hold official positions in state organs, and the right to hold leadership positions in state-owned companies, enterprises, public institutions and people’s organizations.