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为研究棉花秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,于山东农业大学棉花科研基地德州市抬头寺经济开发区试验田进行试验,设棉花秸秆还田与未还田2个处理,研究连续4年棉花秸秆还田对0~60 cm土层土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明:棉花秸秆还田能够显著增加0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层周年土壤微生物平均总数量,分别比未还田增加了19.87%,20.07%,56.15%;其中周年土壤细菌和真菌平均数量分别比未还田增加了20.91%、26.38%(0~20),20.59%、31.18%(20~40)和56.85%、32.30%(40~60),均达显著差异水平;周年土壤放线菌平均数量分别比未还田增加了4.29%,11.62%,54.00%,其中在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层提高效果显著。棉花秸秆还田有利于提高土壤脲酶活性,0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层土壤脲酶活性分别比未还田提高4.27%,13.43%和24.03%,其中对20~40 cm全部取样时期(9月除外)和除7月外40~60 cm土层其他取样时期的提高效果达显著差异水平;秸秆还田使土壤蔗糖酶活性在0~20 cm全部取样时期,除5月外20~40 cm土层其他取样时期,除8月外40~60 cm土层其他取样时期均得到了显著提高,分别比未还田提高了27.08%,46.96%,57.59%;除7,8月外,0~20 cm土层其他取样时期土壤过氧化氢酶活性在棉花秸秆还田条件下得到了显著提高,比未还田提高了8.73%,但除5,6月20~40 cm土层外,秸秆还田对20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶活性的提高效果未达显著差异水平。以上结果说明持续棉花秸秆还田有利于保持和改善土壤的生物学特性。
In order to study the effect of cotton straw returning on soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity, we carried on the experiment in experimental zone of Daotou Temple Economic Development Zone, Dezhou, Cotton Research Base of Shandong Agricultural University, and set up two treatments of cotton straw returning and returning to the field. Effect of Returning Cotton with Straw on Soil Microbial Number and Enzyme Activity in 0 ~ 60 cm Soil Layer. The results showed that the average number of soil microbes in 0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layers could increase the average amount of soil microbes in soil by 19.7%, 20.07% and 56.15% The average number of bacteria and fungi on the annual soil were increased by 20.91%, 26.38% (0-20), 20.59%, 31.18% (20-40) and 56.85%, 32.30% (40-60) The average amount of soil actinomycetes in soil was increased by 4.29%, 11.62% and 54.00%, respectively, compared with the control before returning to the field, of which the increasing effect was obvious in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers. Soil urease activity increased with cotton stalks returning. Soil urease activity increased by 4.27%, 13.43% and 24.03% in 0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer, cm in all sampling period (except September) and except in July, 40-60 cm soil layer of other sampling period to achieve significant differences in the level of effect; straw in the soil invertase activity in all 0-20 cm sampling period, except for 5 In other sampling periods of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer except for August, the soil samples in 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer except August were significantly increased by 27.08%, 46.96% and 57.59% In August, the soil catalase activity in other sampling periods of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer increased significantly by 8.73% compared with the control before returning to cotton field, except for 5-20 June 20 ~ 40 cm Soil, straw returning to 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer of soil catalase activity did not increase the level of significant difference. The above results show that the continuous cotton straw is good for maintaining and improving the biological characteristics of soil.