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为了提高圆截面金属薄壁构件的抗撞性,在其上引入圆弧形凹、凸2种诱导槽结构并以其为研究对象。建立以诱导槽数量及其半径为优化参数,以比吸能(SEA)和压溃力效率(CFE)为评价指标的多目标优化数学模型。讨论了均布设置的诱导凹槽、凸槽对结构吸能、最大峰值压溃力及压溃力曲线平稳性的影响。采用全因子试验设计选取设计样本点,通过有限元软件LS-DYNA得到不同样本点的碰撞响应,结合径向基函数法构造优化指标的近似函数,并采用理想点法进行优化设计。研究结果表明:优化后凹、凸2种诱导槽结构与原模型相比,压溃力效率分别提高了53.22%、102.15%,最大峰值压溃力各降低了52.1%、57.49%,压溃力曲线更趋于平稳;由于施加诱导槽造成结构整体质量增加,导致优化后凹、凸2种诱导槽结构的比吸能分别比原模型各减少了4.05%、7.99%,与大幅降低的最大峰值压溃力相比,很好地达到了提高抗撞性的目标。
In order to improve the crashworthiness of the thin section metal thin-walled members with circular cross-section, two kinds of inducing groove structures, arc-shaped concave and convex, were introduced on it and were taken as the research object. A multi-objective optimization mathematical model was established to induce the number of grooves and its radius as the optimization parameters, and the specific energy absorption (SEA) and crush efficiency (CFE) as evaluation indexes. The effects of uniform groove, groove on the structural energy absorption, the maximum peak crush force and the smoothness of the crush force curve are discussed. The design sample points were selected by the full factorial test design. The collision responses of different sample points were obtained by the finite element software LS-DYNA. The radial basis function method was used to construct the approximation function of the optimization index. The optimal point method was used to optimize the design. The results show that the crushing force efficiency increases by 53.22% and 102.15%, respectively, and the maximum peak crush force decreases by 52.1% and 57.49%, respectively, compared with the original model. The crushing force The curve tends to be more stable. As a result of the increase of the overall mass of the structure induced by the induction groove, the specific energy absorptions of the two kinds of induced groove structures after the optimization are reduced by 4.05% and 7.99% respectively compared with the original model, Compared with the crushing force, the goal of improving the crashworthiness is well achieved.