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目的探讨医学新生的心理健康状况及与应对方式的关系,为提高医学新生的心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用心理健康量表(SCL-90)和特质应对方式量表,对1 561名医学新生进行调查,用差异检验、相关进行分析。结果医学新生的心理问题检出率为18%,医学新生的强迫、焦虑、精神病性的得分高于全国常模,在人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执方面低于全国常模;不同性别中,男生的敌对、偏执得分高与女生,女生的恐怖、抑郁和焦虑得分显著高于男生;医学新生SCL-90各因子与积极应对方式呈显著正相关,与消极应对方式呈显著负相关。结论医学新生存在心理问题,不同性别的大学新生在心理健康状况上有差异;特质应对方式与心理健康显著相关。
Objective To explore the relationship between mental health of medical freshmen and coping style and to provide reference for improving the mental health of medical freshmen. Methods A total of 1 561 medical freshmen were investigated using the Mental Health Scale (SCL-90) and the Trait Coping Style Inventory (SCT-90). The differences were tested and the correlations were analyzed. Results The rate of psychological problems among medical freshmen was 18%. The score of compulsive, anxious and psychotic students in medical freshmen was higher than that of the national norm, lower than that of the national norm in interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility and paranoia. In different genders, Male students hostility, high paranoid scores and girls, girls fear, depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher than boys; medical freshmen SCL-90 various factors and positive coping style was significantly positive, and negative coping style was significantly negatively correlated. Conclusions Psychological problems exist in medical freshmen. There are differences in mental health status among freshmen of different genders. Trait coping styles are significantly related to mental health.