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每个小麦植株所含有的数以万计的基因,不论是主基因还是微效基因,除了少数处于彻底隐性状态的基因外,在小麦一生全部性状的形成过程中,都会或多或少地直接或间接地发挥作用.因此,一个纯系小麦品种的存在,就是由众多基因所组成的一个相对稳定的集体共同发挥作用的结果.一个优良品种,就是组成该品种的全部基因之间存在着对人类有益的较好的平衡协调关系的体现.这种平衡协调的基因集体的构成各不相同,一个对人类有同等利用价值的品种的遗传组成可能有很大差别;此外,各个相对稳定的基因集体所表现出来的总体性状,特别是那些对人类有益的各个产量组成性状,常有呈连续分布的程度差别.因此,人类的育种活动,就是要重新组建并找出对人类更为有益的基因集体.杂交育种迄今仍然是人们重新组建更好基因集体的最基本的手段.
Tens of thousands of genes contained in each wheat plant, whether major or minor, except for a few genes that are completely recessive, are more or less Directly or indirectly.Therefore, the existence of a purebred wheat variety is the result of a relatively stable collective of many genes, a fine variety in which all of the genes that make up the breed exist Which is beneficial to human beings. The composition of this balanced and coordinated gene cluster varies greatly, and the genetic composition of breeds that have equal use value to human beings may differ greatly. In addition, each relatively stable The general traits exhibited by a gene cluster, especially those traits that are beneficial to humans, often vary in a continuous distribution, so human breeding activities are to reconstitute and find more beneficial to humans Gene Collective. Hybridization is by far the most basic means by which people reconstitute better genetic sets.