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目的了解广西有色金属冶炼行业尘肺发病情况和流行特征。方法依据1987年广西尘肺流行病学调查资料及1987年后广西尘肺病诊断小组诊断的尘肺病个案资料并结合现场调查,对广西1957—2007年期间,有色金属冶炼行业冶炼工尘肺发病情况进行调查分析。结果1957—2007年间广西有色金属冶炼行业累计发生尘肺(包括:锡尘肺、混合尘肺、锡末沉着症、有色金属冶炼工尘肺)共164例;在尘肺的期别构成中,首次诊断为Ⅰ期者161例(98.17%)、Ⅱ期者3例(1.83%);尘肺合并肺结核15例(9.15%)。首次诊断为Ⅰ期的发病年龄(48.5±10.5)岁,接尘工龄(18.50±8.19)年;首次诊断为Ⅱ期的发病年龄(50.00±10.15)岁,接尘工龄(7.80±1.82)年。164例患者中已有55人死亡,累积病死率为33.54%,死亡年龄(66.53±10.11)岁。死亡的主要原因是呼吸系统疾病(依次为肺癌、慢性肺心病、肺结核),占全死因的40.00%。结论与广西矽肺和煤工尘肺相比,首次发病年龄偏大、发病率偏低,病变程度较轻、发病工龄长、并发肺结核率低是广西有色金属冶炼行业冶炼工尘肺流行病学的主要特征。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi non-ferrous metal smelting industry. Methods Based on the data of epidemiological survey of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi in 1987 and the data of pneumoconiosis diagnosed by the pneumoconiosis diagnosis team in Guangxi after 1987 and the field investigation, the incidence of pneumoconiosis in nonferrous metal smelting industry in Guangxi during 1957-2007 was investigated analysis. Results A total of 164 cases of pneumoconiosis (including tin dust pneumoconiosis, mixed pneumoconiosis, tin plaque, non-ferrous metal smelter pneumoconiosis) occurred in Guangxi non-ferrous metal smelting industry during 1957-2007. Among the phases of pneumoconiosis, the first diagnosis was stage Ⅰ 161 cases (98.17%), 3 cases (1.83%) in stage Ⅱ and 15 cases (9.15%) of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The first diagnosis was stage Ⅰ (48.5 ± 10.5) years old, followed by dusting (18.50 ± 8.19) years; the first diagnosis was stage Ⅱ (50.00 ± 10.15) years old, followed by dusting (7.80 ± 1.82) years. Of the 164 patients, 55 have died, with a cumulative mortality of 33.54% and a mean age of death of 66.53 ± 10.11 years. The main cause of death was respiratory diseases (followed by lung cancer, chronic cor pulmonale and tuberculosis), accounting for 40.00% of all causes of death. Conclusions Compared with Guangxi silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, the first onset age is relatively large, the incidence is low, the degree of lesion is mild, the length of service is long, and the low incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is the main characteristic of epidemiology of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi non-ferrous metal smelting industry .