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目的了解2011年河北省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)国家级监测点宿主动物的构成、分布及携带汉坦病毒状况。方法全省4个监测点,分别于春秋季采用夹夜法调查鼠密度,免疫荧光法检测病毒抗原并对阳性鼠肺进行病原学分型。结果监测点居民区平均鼠密度为2.44%,野外为0.26%,居民区明显高于野外(χ2=174.356,P=0.000);鼠种构成以褐家鼠为优势鼠种(86.89%),其次为小家鼠(7.87%)和大仓鼠(5.24%);鼠带病毒率居民区为2.05%,野外未检出,尚不能说明居民区与野外宿主动物带毒率存在差别(P=1.000);13份阳性鼠肺中,褐家鼠占84.62%(11/13)、小家鼠占7.69%(1/13)、大仓鼠占7.69%(1/13);13份标本的基因型别均为Ⅱ型(汉城型)。结论褐家鼠是河北省HFRS的主要宿主动物和传染源;居民区鼠密度高于野外,应对居民区的褐家鼠采取综合控制措施。
Objective To understand the composition and distribution of host animals and the status of carrying Hantaan virus in national surveillance sites of Hebei Province with renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever (HFRS) in 2011. Methods Four monitoring points in the province were used to investigate the rat density in the spring and autumn, respectively, and the viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence and the etiology of the positive lungs. Results The average density of rodents in monitoring area was 2.44%, 0.26% in the wild and the residential area was significantly higher than that in the wild (χ2 = 174.356, P = 0.000). The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus (86.89%), followed by (7.87%) and large hamster (5.24%). The rate of the virus was 2.05% in the residential area, which was not detected in the field. However, there was no difference between the rate of virulence in the residential area and the field host (P = 1.000) ; Rattus norvegicus accounted for 84.62% (11/13), Mus musculus accounted for 7.69% (1/13) and hamster accounted for 7.69% (1/13) in 13 positive rat lungs. The genotypes of 13 specimens Are type Ⅱ (Seoul type). Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is the main host animal and source of infection of HFRS in Hebei Province. The density of rodent in residential area is higher than that in the wild, and the Rattus norvegicus should be controlled comprehensively.