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Based on the thermodynamics theory and physical micro-properties of solid materials subjected to extal loading at room temperature, a formula of calculating temperature difference of infrared radiation in terms of the sum of three principal strains was deduced to quantitatively investigate the infrared radiation characteristics in test. Two typical specimens, the three-point bending beam and the disc pressed in diameter, were tested and their principal strains were calculated by finite element method in order to obtain the temperature differences of infrared radiation. Numerical results are in a good agreement with test results, which verifies the validity of the formula of calculating temperature differences of infrared radiation and the model of quantitatively describing the infrared radiation characteristics of solid materials, and reveals the corresponding inner physical mechanism.