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以西南地区麦/玉/薯三熟制种植模式为研究对象,研究了不同保护性耕作模式下旱地土壤水分动态变化、水分利用效率、作物产量和经济效应。结果表明,不同保护性耕作对整个农田生态系统产量和水分利用效率具有显著影响。秸秆覆盖(TS)、地膜覆盖(TM)、秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖(TSM)和垄作+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖(RSM)能改善7,10月份0—60cm土层土壤含水量及贮水量,而垄作(R)、垄作+秸秆覆盖(RS)和垄作+地膜覆盖(RM)的作用不明显。与平作(CK)相比,RSM,RM,RS,TSM,TM,TS和R分别使系统增产10.52%,6.11%,6.77%,4.59%,5.12%,3.15%,1.24%。这些处理对水分利用效率和降水利用效率的增幅分别为1.26%～11.08%,1.27%～10.57%。研究结果说明,从WUE、降水利用效率、产量效应、经济效益这4个方面来看,垄作+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖耕作模式综合效益最佳。
Taking the wheat / jade / potato three-cropping system in Southwest China as the research object, the dynamic changes of soil moisture, water use efficiency, crop yield and economic effect were studied under different conservation tillage patterns. The results showed that different types of conservation tillage had a significant impact on the yield and water use efficiency of the entire farmland ecosystem. Soil TS and mulching TM, straw mulching + mulching (TSM) and ridge mulching + straw mulching + mulching (RSM) could improve soil water content and water storage in 0-60cm soil layer in July and October, Ridge (R), ridge + straw mulching (RS) and ridge mulching + mulching (RM) had no significant effect. Compared with CK, RSM, RM, RS, TSM, TM, TS and R increased the yield by 10.52%, 6.11%, 6.77%, 4.59%, 5.12%, 3.15% and 1.24% respectively. The increase of water use efficiency and precipitation efficiency of these treatments were 1.26% ~ 11.08% and 1.27% ~ 10.57%, respectively. The results show that from the aspects of WUE, precipitation utilization efficiency, yield effect and economic benefit, the comprehensive benefit of ridge mulching + straw mulching + plastic film mulching cultivation mode is the best.