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微生物及其活性产物在植物病害防治中的作用日益凸显,加快了人们对其的研究和开发利用。然而,传统纯培养技术获得的微生物不足环境总量的1%,99%以上的微生物尚不能培养,阻碍了人们对其结构和功能多样性的研究。近年,随着宏基因组技术的发展,大量非培养来源的活性物质被挖掘并应用于病害防治,为微生物基因资源及其活性产物的研究和应用开辟了新的途径。本文就宏基因组学研究过程:宏基因组DNA提取、文库构建和筛选、高通量测序和序列分析等进行了回顾,探讨了宏基因组学在生物防治中的重要作用,并对宏基因组学这门新型的学科在热带冬季瓜菜病害生物防治中的应用前景进行了展望。
The role of microorganisms and their active products in the prevention and control of plant diseases has become increasingly prominent, accelerating their research, development and utilization. However, less than 1% of the total amount of the microorganisms obtained by the traditional pure culture technology is available. More than 99% of the microorganisms can not be cultivated, hindering the research on the structure and function diversity of the microorganisms. In recent years, with the development of metagenomic technologies, a large number of non-cultured active substances have been excavated and applied to the prevention and treatment of diseases, opening up new avenues for the research and application of microbial gene resources and their active products. In this paper, we review the research process of metagenomics: A genome-wide DNA extraction, library construction and screening, high-throughput sequencing and sequence analysis, and discussed the important role of metagenomics in biological control. A new type of disciplines in tropical winter vegetables biological control application prospects are prospected.