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目的 分析年度大体检中飞行人员异常心电图特点,为健康鉴定提供参考。方法 受检者3 204名,按常规 12导联心电图检查方法描记,将异常心电图按类型,不同机种及年龄段飞行人员统计分析其发生率及特点。结果 ①心电图异常阳性率为 12.5％,以 T波改变最常见(6.0％),其次是心电轴偏移(1.8％)、心脏传导系统阻滞(1.6％)和窦性心动过缓(1.3％)。大多数为单项异常,未见复杂或严重的心律失常。②不同机种飞行员心电图阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。③T波改变最常见于歼击机飞行员(35.1％),其次是教练机飞行员(20.4％)和运输机飞行人员(18.3％)。绝大多数T波改变(98.9％)为功能性。普萘洛乐和平板运动试验是鉴别其性质的有效方法。④期前收缩以室性多见,绝大多数是良性的,往往能找到诱发因素。结论 飞行人员心电图的异常发生受生理因素影响,应注意鉴别。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of the abnormal ECG of the pilots in the annual general examination and provide reference for the health appraisal. Methods A total of 3 204 subjects were traced according to 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) examination methods. The incidence and characteristics of abnormal ECG were analyzed by type, type and age of flight crew. Results ① The positive rate of ECG abnormality was 12.5%, the most common change was T wave (6.0%), followed by ECG axis deviation (1.8%), cardiac conduction system block (1.6%) and sinus bradycardia %). Most of the individual abnormalities, no complex or serious arrhythmia. ② There was no significant difference in the positive rate of electrocardiogram among different pilots (P> 0.05). ③T wave changes are most common in fighter pilots (35.1%), followed by trainer pilots (20.4%) and transport aircraft pilots (18.3%). The vast majority of T wave changes (98.9%) are functional. Propranolol and treadmill exercise tests are effective ways of identifying their properties. ④ premature systolic more common room, the vast majority are benign, often able to find predisposing factors. Conclusion The abnormality of electrocardiogram of pilots is affected by physiological factors, and should be paid attention to.