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Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer using multi-slice CT (MSCT) perfu- sion imaging and the relationship with microvessel density (MVD). Methods: 38 patients with pulmonary masses proved by pathology including 25 cases of peripheral lung cancer and 13 cases of benign masses were studied prospectively with GE Lightspeed Qx/I plus 16-slice helical CT perfusion imaging, and 25 patients with lung cancer were comparative studied with its MVD calculated using LSAB. With the CT perfusion 2-body tumor software, the parameters of CT perfusion including blood value (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were analyzed. Results: The four param- eter values in lung cancer were all higher than that in pulmonary benign masses, and there were significant differences among BV, MTT and PS (P<0.05), especially in BV (P<0.01). The MVD value of lung cancer was higher than that of pulmonary benign masses (P<0.05), and the MVD of adenocarcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05). In 25 cases with lung cancer, there was positive correlation only between BV and MVD value (r=0.852, P<0.01). Conclusion: It is helpful to diagnose the peripheral lung cancer with MSCT perfusion imaging and to differentiate from pulmonary benign masses, its bases are MVD pathologically.