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目的：探讨经皮肾穿刺造影对非结石性输尿管梗阻疾病的诊断价值。方法：应用超声和超声引导经皮肾穿刺造影检查３１例中重度肾积水患者，并与手术病理对照。结果：超声诊断符合率为６４．５％（２０／３１），不符合率为３５．５％（１１／３１）．超声引导经皮肾盂穿刺造影符合率为９３．５％（２９／３１），不符合率为６．５％（２／３１）。穿刺造影诊断符合率显著高于超声检查法，ｐ＜０．０５。结论：超声引导下经皮肾盂穿刺造影可以提高上尿路梗阻疾病病因及定位诊断符合率，操作简便，安全，弥补了ＩＶＰ和超声检查的不足，是一种明确中重度肾积水病因和梗阻部位的可靠诊断方法。
Objective: To investigate the value of percutaneous nephrolithography in the diagnosis of non-stone ureteral obstruction. Methods: Thirty-one cases of moderate and severe hydronephrosis were examined by ultrasound and ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy and compared with the surgical pathology. Results: The coincidence rate of ultrasonic diagnosis was 64.5% (20/31) and the non-coincidence rate was 35.5% (11/31). The coincidence rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous pyelography was 93.5% (29/31) and the non-coincidence rate was 6.5% (2/31). The diagnostic accuracy of puncture and angiography was significantly higher than that of ultrasound, p <0.05. Conclusion: Percutaneous renal pelvis aspiration guided by ultrasonography can improve the coincidence rate of upper urinary tract obstruction and diagnosis, and is simple and safe to make up for the deficiencies of IVP and ultrasonography. It is a definite cause and obstruction of moderate and severe hydronephrosis Site of reliable diagnosis.