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目的了解某铁路局机车司机职业紧张与倦怠的现状,探讨两者间的关系。方法采用国内已有应用并具较高信度和效度的心身健康测量量表结合我局实际情况编写调查问卷,对某铁路局2258名机车司机进行问卷调查。采用Epidata软件建立数据库进行数据交叉双录入并进行一致性检验,数据导出后用SPSS统计软件进行多元线性回归方法统计分析不同职业紧张因子与职业倦怠的关系。结果某铁路局机车司机存在一定的心理、生理健康方面的问题,影响机车司机职业倦怠的主要因素按照标准化偏回归系数贡献大小依次为:心理健康、生理健康、睡眠障碍、付出-回报、工作-家庭冲突、内在投入等。其中诸如付出-回报失衡、睡眠障碍、生活压力、工作-家庭冲突等加重了机车司机工作倦怠的程度。睡眠障碍、付出-回报、工作-家庭冲突、内在投入、年龄、周工作时间、吸烟、生活压力、体育锻炼、轮班情况、饮酒等职业紧张因素与工作倦怠有密切关系(P<0.05)。结论预防机车司机群体的职业倦怠需降低职业紧张程度,增加社会支持,同时开展心理健康咨询及宣传教育。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational stress and burnout of locomotive drivers in a railway bureau and to explore the relationship between the two. Methods According to the existing psychometric questionnaire with high reliability and validity in our country, a questionnaire was compiled based on the actual situation of our bureau, and 2258 locomotive drivers of a railway bureau were surveyed. Epidata software was used to establish a database for data cross-entry and consistency check. After data was exported, SPSS statistical software was used for multiple linear regression to statistically analyze the relationship between job stress factors and job burnout. Results The locomotive driver of a Railway Administration had some psychological and physical health problems. The main factors that affected the occupational burnout of locomotive drivers were as follows: mental health, physical health, sleep disturbance, pay-return, work- Family conflict, internal investment and so on. Among them, such as pay-return imbalance, sleep disorders, stress of life, work-family conflicts aggravate the degree of locomotive driver burnout. Sleep stress, pay-return, work-family conflict, internal investment, age, working hours, smoking, life stress, physical activity, work shift, alcohol consumption and other occupational stress were closely related to job burnout (P <0.05). Conclusion Prevention of occupational burnout in locomotive driver groups needs to reduce occupational stress, increase social support, and carry out mental health consultation and publicity and education at the same time.