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经皮穿刺肾造瘘术(PCN)的发展及光导纤维器械的运用使得泌外学家能经皮肤途径取出肾和输尿管结石(PCSM)。1941年有人提出,1976年Fernstrom等首次报道,近来人们的兴趣更浓厚了。准备工作术前行静脉肾盂造影术,加照斜位及侧位片,对结石的数目、大小、成分及位置均搞清楚,以利于准确放置经皮穿刺肾造瘘管。术前按尿细菌培养及敏感试验给予适当的抗生素,如用局部麻醉,术前须给镇痛剂。操作需在超声波或X线定位下进行,最好在X线科问题。技术工作
The development of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and the use of optical fiber devices allow exocrine transdermal delivery of renal and ureteral calculi (PCSM). It was suggested in 1941 that Fernstrom et al. First reported in 1976 that people have become more interested recently. Preparation Preoperative intravenous pyelography plus oblique and lateral radiographs, the number of stones, size, composition and location are clear, in order to facilitate the accurate placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tube. Preoperative urine bacterial culture and sensitivity test given appropriate antibiotics, such as the use of local anesthesia, preoperative analgesics. Operation should be carried out under ultrasound or X-ray positioning, the best X-ray problems. technical job