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明代京师(北京)濒临北部边境,在明中后期多次受到北方游牧民族(蒙古、女真)的侵扰威胁;留都南京靠近东部海疆,长期受倭寇的骚扰。两京畿辅地域在嘉靖、隆庆年间即已推行保甲制,但直到万历中期,两京城内尚仅施行总甲制,而未曾推行保甲制。北京城内保甲制的推行,直待至天启年间;南京城内保甲制的实施,始于万历后期至天启初年。晚明南北两京的保甲制,都具备严密详细的实施规程,尤其强调对于流动人口的管控。而保甲法实施之后,来自勋贵、官僚阶层的抵制影响了保甲制的实施效果。
The Ming Dynasty capital (Beijing) was on the verge of the northern frontier and was repeatedly invaded by the nomadic northern peoples (Mongolia and Jurchen) in the mid-Ming and the late Qing dynasties. Nanking stayed close to the eastern border and was harassed by pirates for a long time. In the Jiajing and Longqing years, the two prefectures in Kyushu Prefecture had already implemented the Baojia system, but it was not until the middle of the Wanli period that only the main system was implemented in the capital cities of the two cities and the Baojia system was not implemented. The implementation of the Baojia system in Beijing was awaited until the Apocalypse. The implementation of the Baojia system in Nanjing started from the late Wanli period to the early days of Apocalypse. The pao-chia system in both northern and southern Beijing in the late Ming and the Ming dynasties had detailed and detailed rules of implementation, with particular emphasis on the control over the floating population. After the implementation of the Baojia law, boycotts from the honored and bureaucratic groups affected the implementation effect of the Baojia system.