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microRNAs是一类内源性表达的、长度约为22个核苷酸的非蛋白编码的单链RNA分子,是重要的转录后基因表达调控因子。在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用,到目前为止,在动植物以及病毒中已经发现有24521个miRNA分子,miR-378是其中的一种,miR-378通过多种机制与众多疾病的发生发展密切相关。miR-378在不同肿瘤组织中起到不同作用,在胃癌,肝癌,结直肠癌等肿瘤中起到抑癌基因的作用,在白血病,胰腺癌,卵巢癌等肿瘤中起到癌基因的作用。在心血管方面,miR-378可以通过多种机制起到保护血管,延缓心血管疾病的发展。在骨代谢方面,miR-378可通过不同机制抑制或促进成骨细胞的分化。本文就其与肿瘤、心血管、骨代谢以及其他方面的研究进行介绍,为这些疾病的治疗和预防提供一种新的思路。
MicroRNAs are endogenous expressed, non-protein-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides in length that are important post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. It plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. So far, 24521 miRNA molecules have been found in animal, plant and virus, and miR-378 is one of them. MiR-378 has been linked to many diseases The occurrence and development are closely related. miR-378 plays a different role in different tumor tissues, plays a role of tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer and plays an oncogene effect in tumors of leukemia, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer. On the cardiovascular side, miR-378 can protect blood vessels and delay the development of cardiovascular diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In bone metabolism, miR-378 can inhibit or promote osteoblast differentiation through different mechanisms. This article describes its research on cancer, cardiovascular, bone metabolism and other aspects, providing a new idea for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.