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海上救助报酬是为鼓励人们冒险参与海上救援,由受益人给予救助人的补偿和回报,具有射幸性,奉行“无效果、无报酬”的给付原则。本文以救助方成本性和非成本性投入对救助效果的贡献为依据,首先对各方的成本性投入进行补偿;然后从资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性两个维度对各救助方的贡献进行综合评价,并按贡献度对“剩余”部分进行二次分配,两次分配之和即为各救助方所获得的分配总额。通过运用“重购成本”和Shapley值法分别对资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性进行客观度量,该方法可同时解决共同救助报酬的外部分配与内部分配问题,不仅避免了目前各国司法实践中按成本投入比例进行分配的不合理性,也更能体现相关国际公约和国内立法有关救助报酬分配的原则。
The salvage remuneration at sea is to encourage people to take risks in participating in maritime rescue and the compensation and rewards given by the beneficiaries to the salvors. It has the honor to honor the principle of “no effect, no remuneration”. Based on the contribution of the salvage cost and non-cost input to the salvage effect, this paper firstly compensates the cost input of each salvage party. Then from the two aspects of the key element of the resource element and the importance of the participant, , And make a second allocation according to the contribution degree to the “remaining” part. The sum of the two distributions is the total amount allocated by each salvage party. By using the “repurchase cost” and the Shapley value method respectively to objectively measure the importance of the resource elements and the importance of the participants, the method can simultaneously solve the problem of the external distribution and the internal distribution of the mutual aid remuneration, not only avoiding the current The unreasonable distribution of judgments in various countries’ judiciary according to the proportion of cost invested can also better reflect the principle of the distribution of salvage remuneration in relevant international conventions and domestic legislation.