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于2013—2014和2014—2015年两个小麦生长季进行田间试验,供试品种为‘济麦22’,设置5个处理,分别为W_0(全生育期不灌水)、W_1(越冬期不灌水,拔节期和开花期分别补灌至0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量为65%和70%)、W_2(越冬期、拔节期和开花期分别补灌至土壤相对含水量为70%、65%和70%)、W_3(越冬期、拔节期和开花期分别补灌至土壤相对含水量为75%、65%和70%)和W_4(越冬期、拔节期和开花期均定量灌溉60 mm),研究越冬期测墒补灌对小麦耗水特性和光合有效辐射截获利用的影响.结果表明:总灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例为W_4>W_3>W_2>W_1>W_0;土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的比例为W_0>W_1、W_2>W_3、W_4;总耗水量和开花至成熟期的耗水量均为W_4>W_2、W_3>W_1>W_0.两生长季小麦开花后冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率为W_4>W_2、W_3>W_1>W_0,而花后冠层PAR反射率各处理间的表现与之相反.灌水处理中干物质净积累量为W_4处理最高,W_1处理最低.两生长季小麦越冬期0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量补灌至70%的W_2处理籽粒产量仅低于定量灌溉的W_4处理,水分利用效率和灌溉效益最高,是本试验条件下节水高产的最优处理.
Field experiments were conducted in two wheat growing seasons from 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The tested varieties were ’Jimai 22’ and five treatments were set up, which were W 0 (no irrigation during the whole growth period), W_1 (no irrigation during the winter) , The relative water content of soil supplemented to 0-40 cm soil layer at jointing stage and flowering stage respectively was 65% and 70%), W 2 (the relative water content of soil was 70% at winter, jointing and flowering stages, 65% and 70% respectively), W_3 (relative water content of 75%, 65% and 70% in winter and jointing and flowering stages, respectively) and W_4 mm) to study the effects of soil moisture supplementation on winter wheat water consumption and interception and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation.The results showed that the ratio of total irrigation amount to total water consumption was W_4> W_3> W_2> W_1> W_0; The proportion of water consumption to total water consumption was W_0> W_1, W_2> W_3, W_4, total water consumption and water consumption from flowering to maturity were W_4> W_2 and W_3> W_1> W_0. The interception rates of canopy photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were W_4> W_2 and W_3> W_1> W_0, while the performance of post-anthesis PAR reflectivity was the opposite between treatments. The net accumulation of net W_4 was highest and that of W_1 was the lowest.The grain yield of W_2 treated with relative water content of 0-40 cm soil layer overwintering wheat in winter growing season was only lower than that of W_4 treatment and water use The highest efficiency and irrigation benefit is the optimal treatment for water-saving and high-yield under the test conditions.