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基于对“自然主义”的内涵及类型的系统梳理,尤其是基于对哲学上的自然主义各类型之间存在系统关联的判断,可坚持一种温和的自然主义立场。从温和的自然主义的立场看,认识论是无法否认信念的存在的。关于这一点,可以从人的行为倾向、神经生理机制和所处的社会历史脉络这三个密切关联的维度进行系统论证。而依据这种三要素系统关联的信念理论,可以回答一些有争议的问题:尽管动物和前语言时期的婴儿没有信念,内省具有可错性,而且在相信什么这一问题上总会发生自我欺骗,但这些都无法否证信念的存在。
Based on a systematic review of the connotation and types of “naturalism ”, and especially based on the systematic correlation between the various types of philosophical naturalism, we can insist on a moderate naturalist position. From a moderate naturalistic standpoint, epistemology can not deny the existence of belief. In this respect, we can systematically argue from the three closely related dimensions of human behavior, neurophysiological mechanisms and the social and historical context in which they live. On the basis of the belief theory of the three-factor system association, some controversial questions can be answered: Although introspection is intrinsically negligent in animals and in pre-linguistic infants, there is always self-esteem in what is believed Cheat, but these are unable to confirm the existence of the belief.