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自明代以葡萄牙人为先锋打通往来于东方的海路交通以后,通过新疆的东西方的陆路交通被冷落以至基本废弃,逐步造成了新疆的孤立和封闭,经济和文化日趋落后。尽管欧洲十八世纪末、十九世纪初从农业和手工业经济转变到工业和机器制造业为主的第一次产业革命已在英国开始,我国内地自鸦片战争订《中英南京
Since the Ming Dynasty, when the Portuguese pioneered the maritime traffic in the east, it was left out of the east-west road traffic in Xinjiang and eventually abandoned. This led to the isolation and closure of Xinjiang and the backwardness of economy and culture. Although the first industrial revolution in Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, from the economic transformation of agriculture and handicrafts to the industrial and machine-building industries, began in the United Kingdom, the mainland of China wrote its first Sino-British Nanjing