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目的探讨孤独症、脑瘫儿童饮食行为问题现状及其与正常儿童间差异,为此类患儿的饮食行为干预提供参考。方法采用横断面的调查方法,对哈尔滨医科大学儿童发育行为中心49例孤独症儿童、哈尔滨儿童医院和佳木斯小儿脑瘫疗育中心的62例脑瘫儿童和哈尔滨幼儿园136例正常儿童应用自拟的“儿童饮食行为及相关因素调查表”进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童人口学资料、饮食行为情况及家长喂养行为。结果孤独症儿童的饮食行为问题检出率为89.80%,脑瘫儿童为80.65%,均高于正常儿童(48.53%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=36.02,P<0.05)。胃口差、对某食物的偏好、不良进食习惯、进食时的特殊行为及其他饮食爱好,不同组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。家长的不良喂养行为、良好喂养行为和过度关心儿童饮食行为报告率,在孤独症组、脑瘫组和正常儿童组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论孤独症、脑瘫儿童较正常儿童存在更多饮食行为问题。应加强对孤独症、脑瘫儿童饮食行为问题的重视,有针对性地进行健康教育与康复训练指导,培养其良好的饮食行为习惯。
Objective To investigate the status quo of dietary behaviors of children with autism and cerebral palsy and their differences with normal children, and to provide reference for their intervention in diet behavior. Methods A total of 62 children with cerebral palsy and 136 normal children from Harbin Kindergarten were enrolled in this study. 49 children with autism, Harbin Children’s Hospital and Jiamusi Children’s Cerebral Palsy Treatment Center were enrolled in this study. Questionnaire about children’s dietary behaviors and related factors "conducted a questionnaire survey, which included children’s demographic information, dietary behaviors and parental feeding behaviors. Results The detection rate of eating behavior problems was 89.80% in children with autism and 80.65% in children with cerebral palsy, which were all higher than those in normal children (48.53%) (χ2 = 36.02, P <0.05). Poor appetite, preference for a food, bad eating habit, special behaviors when eating and other dietary preferences. There was significant difference between different groups (P <0.05). Parents poor feeding behavior, good feeding behavior and excessive attention to children’s eating behavior reporting rate in autism group, cerebral palsy group and normal children group differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Children with autism and cerebral palsy have more dietary behaviors than normal children. Should strengthen the autism, children with cerebral palsy diet behavior problems, targeted health education and rehabilitation training guidance, develop their good eating habits.