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工业社会和信息社会的出现使农业社会中形成的传统文化迅速地消失。中国对继承和保护传统文化目前虽有社会共识,但什么是传统文化,学界和大众的认识并不一致,这造成了社会对制度、统治精神等文化大传统和乡规、民间信仰等文化小传统的继承和保护的分歧。如中国传统文化最核心的部分,统治集团数千年经营的礼制传统,因制度变迁已基本被社会遗忘。所以在保护传统文化过程中,在历史记忆和人类技术的对抗中,正确认识文化的大、小传统,打通它们之间的界限非常必要。昔日礼典礼仪的物态、制度和精神体现集中在京师。明清两朝记录京师文化的著作颇丰,如《春明梦余录》《日下旧闻考》等都能从宫室、官署、制度等入手存一代建置与礼制制度,而对民间习俗、俚曲村言有所忽略;今天则反其道而行之,很少有人讨论礼制对民间文化的引导作用。要全面了解传统文化,两者皆不可偏废。李宝臣先生在国家图书馆的系列讲座“礼制传统与明清京师文化”,首讲体悟传统文化需要把握两情———情景与情理,而后按照传统的吉礼、嘉礼、军礼、宾礼、凶礼五礼分类,各举案例论述礼制操作程序,以及对民族精神民族文化的塑造和对国人生活模式的影响。讲座内容对于当代全面认识传统文化很有裨益。文章较长,本刊将分期登载。
The emergence of industrial society and the information society has rapidly dissipated the traditional culture formed in the agricultural society. Although China currently has a social consensus on the succession and protection of traditional culture, its understanding of what is traditional culture, academia and the general public is not consistent. This has led to the development of social traditions such as the system of culture and the rule of spirit, and cultural minorities such as local conventions and folk beliefs The differences between inheritance and protection. As the most central part of traditional Chinese culture, the ritual tradition of ruling groups, which has been operating for thousands of years, has been largely forgotten by society because of institutional changes. Therefore, in the protection of traditional culture, in the confrontation between historical memory and human technology, it is necessary to correctly understand the big and small traditions of culture and get the boundaries between them. The ritual etiquette of the past, the system and spirit embodied in the capital. Ming and Qing dynasties capitalist records quite good, such as “Chun-ming dream Yu Lu” “under the old Wen Wen test” and so can from the palace, government offices, system and so on to save the generation of build and ritual system, and folk customs, There is neglect of the vulgar song in the village; today, the opposite is true. Few people discuss the guiding role of the ceremony in the folk culture. To fully understand the traditional culture, neither can be neglected. Li Baochen’s series of lectures at the National Library of China, “Ritual Tradition and Ming and Qing Cultures,” first introduced the need to grasp the two traditions of love and affection - situations and feelings. Then, according to the traditions of auspicious ceremony, ceremony, military ceremony, Ceremony etiquette classification, each case discusses etiquette operating procedures, as well as shaping the national spirit of national culture and the impact on people’s living patterns. The content of the lectures is of great benefit to the contemporary comprehensive understanding of traditional culture. The article is longer, this issue will be published in phases.