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本试验里对春麦杂种后代抽穗期的变异进行了初步的观察与研究。结果证明,双亲与杂种 F_1代的相关系数为0.8655,与 F_2代的相关系数为0.8890,均表现极显著地高度正相关。据四年用41个组合估算的广义遗传力平均为61.2%,不同组合间遗传力变幅为44—85%。在324个杂种 F_1代组合中,超早亲和同早亲的组合占50%以上,早抽穗为显性遗传是基本的趋势。F_2代抽穗期呈连续性变异,多数组合表现偏态分布,偏早熟组合多于偏晚熟组合。正反交组合间在 F_1、F_2代抽穗期表现上没有差别,F_2代的遗传力正反交也十分相近。初步判断,在普通小麦种内抽穗期遗传不受胞质影响。本文对春麦早熟育种亲本选配和早代选择提供一定的科学依据。
In this experiment, the variation of heading date of hybrids of spring wheat was preliminarily observed and studied. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between parents and F1 hybrids was 0.8655, and the correlation coefficient with F_2 generation was 0.8890, which showed extremely significant and highly positive correlation. According to the four-year generalized heritability estimated by 41 combinations, the average heritability is 61.2%, and the heritability of different combinations is 44-85%. Among the 324 F1 hybrids, the combination of early-early parents and early parents accounted for more than 50%, and early heading was the dominant trend. F_2 generation of heading was a continuous variation, the majority of the portfolio performance of skewed distribution, partial early mature combination than partial late combination. There was no difference in the reciprocal reciprocal crosses between F_1 and F_2 generations, and the reciprocal crosses of heritability in F_2 generations were similar. Preliminary judgments, in common wheat heading within the cytoplasm genetic effects. This paper provides some scientific evidences for the selection of parents and early generation selection of early spring wheat breeding.