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Ⅰ、前言一九七六年,狄菲和赫尔曼(Diffieand Hellman)提出了公开密钥密码体制的革命思想[DH76]。公开密钥密码体制不同于经典的密码体制,在公开密钥密码体制中,加密和解密的密钥是不相同的。并且,虽然产生匹配的加密、解密密钥对是很简单的,但是,只知两个密钥之一,要计算出另一个,在计算上是不允许的。这种似乎不合理的性质,使人们能够创造出灵活的和卓有成效的密钥分配方法,而且能实现真正的“数字签名”—这些能
I. Preface In 1976, Diffie and Hellman put forward the revolutionary idea of public-key cryptosystem [DH76]. The public key cryptosystem is different from the classical cryptosystem. In the public key cryptosystem, the keys that are encrypted and decrypted are not the same. And, while producing a matching encryption and decryption key pair is easy, knowing only one of the two keys and calculating the other is computationally impermissible. This seemingly unreasonable nature allows people to create flexible and productive methods of key distribution and to achieve true “digital signatures” - these can