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目的研究医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)患者医院感染及其危险因素,为制定NICU医院感染防控措施提供参考依据。方法通过目标性监测方法,对丽水市中心医院NICU住院新生儿患者医院感染现状进行调查,并进行危险因素分析。结果共监测该医院NICU住院患儿868例,确诊医院感染患儿16例、19例次,感染率为1.84%、例次感染率为2.18%。感染部位主要为呼吸道和胃肠道,构成比分别为31.25%和25.00%。呼吸机的使用、侵入性操作和住院时间长构成新生儿医院感染的主要危险因素。从19例次感染患儿送检标本中共检出病原菌41株、其中革兰阴性杆菌29株、革兰阳性球菌11株、真菌1株。结论该医院NICU患儿医院感染率较低,主要发生呼吸道和胃肠道感染,提示应重点加强肺部感染防控。
Objective To study the nosocomial infection and its risk factors in hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, and to provide a reference for the development of NICU nosocomial infection prevention and control measures. Methods By means of targeted monitoring, the status of nosocomial infection in inpatients with neonatal NICU in Lishui Central Hospital was investigated and the risk factors were analyzed. Results A total of 868 inpatients with NICU were monitored in this hospital. Of the 16 patients diagnosed as nosocomial infection, 19 cases were detected, the infection rate was 1.84% and the infection rate was 2.18%. Infections were mainly respiratory and gastrointestinal, with constituent ratios of 31.25% and 25.00%, respectively. The use of ventilators, invasive procedures, and long hospital stays constitute the major risk factors for neonatal nosocomial infections. A total of 41 pathogenic bacteria were detected in 19 cases of infected children, including 29 Gram-negative bacilli, 11 Gram-positive cocci and 1 fungi. Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infection in NICU patients in this hospital is low, mainly in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, suggesting that prevention and control of pulmonary infection should be emphasized.