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目前,诊断技术正在日益仪表化、智能化,但凭眼观、耳听、鼻闻、手摸的感官诊断,由于其简便、直观和群众性的特点,至今仍在设备巡回点检、保养、维修中发挥作用。因此,掌握一般常用零、部件故障现象,对识别判定机器故障是很重要的。现将我们积累的点滴经验介绍如下。 一、故障现象及其通常的原因 1.齿轮传动;产生“吱吱”的连续噪声——顶隙过小或齿形肥厚;“吱吱”的间歇噪声——齿轮制造精度低,或某轴弯曲变形及圆锥滚子轴承间隙太大,半圈紧半圈松;“(口当)(口当)”的断续响声——半圈合适半圈太松;“(口当)(口当)”的敲击声——预隙太大或齿形瘦窄及轴承间隙大(一般指圆锥滚子轴承低速、轻载或空载);齿轮顶隙大时,空载噪声大,承受连续负荷时声音正常或无噪声;齿轮顶隙小时,空载噪声大,加载噪声更大;“哒哒”的敲击声并振动大——齿轮两轴心线存在夹角,大齿轮的部分齿背面接触;间歇的“咚咚”沉闷噪声——有异物压挤在啮合面上;若轴上两轴承损坏,噪声、振动也会逐渐增大。
At present, the diagnostic technology is increasingly instrumentation, intelligent, but with the eye, ear, nose smell, hand touch sensory diagnosis, because of its simple, intuitive and mass characteristics, is still touring equipment inspection, maintenance, Repair play a role. Therefore, to master the commonly used zero, component failure phenomenon, the identification of machine fault is very important. Now we have accumulated bit by bit experience described below. First, the phenomenon of failure and its usual reasons 1. Gear transmission; produce “creak” continuous noise - too little clearance or tooth shape hypertrophy; “creak” intermittent noise - gear manufacturing accuracy is low, or a shaft Bending deformation and tapered roller bearing clearance is too large, semi-circle semi-circle loose; “(mouth when) (mouth when)” intermittent sound - a half-circle suitable half circle too loose; “(mouth when) ) ”Percussion sound - too much pre-clearance or narrow tooth shape and bearing clearance (generally refers to the low-speed tapered roller bearings, light or no load); gear top clearance is large, no-load noise, to withstand continuous When the load is normal or no sound noise; gear top clearance hour, no-load noise, load noise greater; “da da” percussion sound and vibration - the angle between the two axes of the gear exists, the gear part of the tooth Back contact; intermittent “pounding” boring noise - there are foreign objects squeeze in the meshing surface; if the shaft bearing damage, noise, vibration will gradually increase.