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为探讨直肠超声对直肠癌分期的准确性，对１２２例临床确诊为直肠肿瘤的病人进行直肠超声，指诊及ＣＴ扫描的术前分期对比研究，并对照术后病理分期，以评价直肠超声的临床应用价值。１２２例均分别经直肠超声、指诊及ＣＴ扫描检查并分期。直肠超声采用Ａｌｏｋａ－２５６超声仪附带７．５ＭＨｚ直肠双平面探头。先行指诊与直肠镜检查，确定病变部位，再行直肠超声检查。结果直肠超声对直肠癌分期准确性为９４％（１１５／１２２）显著高于指诊５９％（７２／１２２）与ＣＴ扫描６４％（７８／１２２），Ｐ值＜０．００１。直肠超声对癌的淋巴结转移诊断正确率为８９％（１０８／１２２），它明显高于指诊４８％（５８／１２２）与ＣＴ５１％（６２／１２２），Ｐ值＜０．００１。直肠狭窄与上段直肠病变是直肠超声的主要局限因素，研究表明小于５ｍｍ的淋巴结假阳性高，位于直肠上段病变的淋巴结转移常因超越病变水平而造成假阴性。直肠超声对直肠癌的分期与淋巴结转移诊断有很高的准确性，对指导临床治疗与随诊有重要价值。
To investigate the accuracy of rectal ultrasound in the staging of rectal cancer, 122 patients with clinically diagnosed rectal cancer were compared with preoperative staging of rectal ultrasound, digital examination, and CT scan, and compared with postoperative pathological staging to evaluate the value of rectal ultrasound. Clinical application value. All 122 cases were examined by rectal ultrasonography, digital examination, and CT scan respectively. Rectal ultrasound was performed using an Aloka-256 ultrasound system with a 7.5 MHz rectal biplanar probe. First referral and rectal examination to determine the lesion, and then rectal ultrasound. Results The accuracy of rectal ultrasound in the staging of rectal cancer was 94% (115/122) significantly higher than that in the 59% (72/122) and 64% (78/122) in CT scan, with a P value < 0.001. The accuracy of rectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 89% (108/122), which was significantly higher than that of 48% (58/122) and 51% (62/122) CT, with a P value < 0.001. Rectal stenosis and upper rectal lesions are the major limitations of rectal ultrasound. Studies have shown that false positives of lymph nodes less than 5 mm are high, and lymph node metastases located in the upper rectum lesions often cause false negatives due to exceeding the lesion level. Rectal ultrasound has high accuracy in the diagnosis of rectal cancer staging and lymph node metastasis, and is of great value in guiding clinical treatment and follow-up.