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目的为改善儿童健康和生存、促进均衡的人口动态提供科学依据。方法按照《中国5岁以下儿童死亡监测方案》的要求进行资料的收集及整理,死因诊断和分类依据国际疾病分类(ICD-10)进行分类和评价,弃女婴归类为意外死亡。结果5岁以下儿童死亡率10年间变化趋势:新生儿死亡率(NMR)、婴儿死亡率(IMR)、5岁以下儿童死亡率(U5MR)10年间呈下降趋势;死亡构成:新生儿期死亡占婴儿死亡总数的50%~70%之间,婴儿期死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡总数的80%~86%之间,10年间这种结构无明显变化。10年间占第一位死亡原因:新生儿死亡为出生窒息,婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡为肺炎。10年间各年龄段前5位死因由感染、出生窒息、早产(低出生体重)、先天异常和意外引起,变动较少。结论死亡率下降缓慢及导致儿童死亡原因持续存在;出生窒息一直是新生儿期第一位死因,婴儿及5岁以下儿童的第一位死因为肺炎;死亡比重渐向小龄化;扭转新生儿死亡是减少儿童死亡的关键,而降低新生儿死亡的第一位死因——出生窒息是瓶颈。
Objective To provide a scientific basis for improving children’s health and survival and promoting balanced population dynamics. Methods The data were collected and sorted according to the requirements of the “Death monitoring program for children under 5 years old”. The diagnosis and classification of cause of death were classified and evaluated according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Accidents were classified as accidental death. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years ten years tended to change: the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and the mortality rate of children under 5 years old (U5MR) ten years decreased. Death pattern: neonatal deaths accounted for Between 50% and 70% of the total number of infant deaths, infant mortality accounts for 80% to 86% of the total number of deaths of children under 5 years of age, no significant change in this structure in 10 years. The first cause of death in 10 years: Neonatal death was due to birth asphyxia, infants and children under 5 died of pneumonia. In the 10 years, the top 5 death causes of all age groups were caused by infection, asphyxia at birth, premature birth (low birth weight), congenital anomalies and accidents, with few changes. Conclusions The slow decline of mortality and the persistence of the causes of death of children; birth asphyxia has been the first cause of death in infants, the first cause of death of infants and children under 5 years of age is pneumonia; the proportion of deaths is getting smaller; the newborn Death is the key to reducing child deaths, and the first leading cause of death in neonates - birth asphyxia is a bottleneck.