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在人类的各种原发肿瘤和衍化的细胞株中,目前测到的 ras 基因突变半约为20%。常见的突变位点为密码子12,13,59,61。这些位点的突变都可使癌基因活化。ras 基因的产物为 P_(21)蛋白,它能与 GDP 和 GTP 结合,有 GTP 酶活性,与 GDP 结合为非活化态,与 GTP 结合为活化态。基因的突变可能抑制了 P_(21)的 GTP 酶活性,使 P_(21)蛋白维持于活化状态,导致恶性转化。迄今为止建立的分析鉴别 ras 基因突变的方法有限制性片段长度多态性法,寡核苷酸探针杂交,RNaseA 酶解法,聚合酶链反应放大技术,直接序列分析和抗突变 P_(21)单克隆抗体分析方法。
Among the various human primary tumor and derivative cell lines, about 20% of ras gene mutations are currently detected. Common mutations are codons 12,13,59,61. Mutations at these sites activate oncogenes. The product of ras gene is P21 protein, which binds to GDP and GTP, has GTPase activity, binds to GDP and is inactive, and binds to GTP as an activated state. Mutations in the gene may inhibit the GTPase activity of P 21 and maintain the P 21 protein in an activated state, resulting in malignant transformation. So far, the methods of identifying ras gene mutations identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, oligonucleotide probe hybridization, RNaseA enzymatic hydrolysis, polymerase chain reaction amplification, direct sequence analysis and anti-mutation P 21, Monoclonal antibody assay.