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目的:分析本地常见变应原分布特征，为合理防治变应性鼻炎提供依据。方法:利用间接酶联免疫冷光分析技术，对2018年7月至2019年9月间在武汉大学人民医院进行变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）筛查的1 190例变应性鼻炎患者进行血清学检测，其中，男性708例，女性482例。按年龄将受试患者分为0~6岁、7~17岁、18~50岁、51~80岁组。采用SPSS 23.0分析受试者年龄、性别以及季节等因素对变应原分布特征的影响。结果:最常见的变应原是粉尘螨阳性率为86.89%（1 034/1 190）。受试者中变应原组合数量以2种最为常见（46.47%，553/1 190）。男性和女性人群最常见的变应原均为粉尘螨（男性86.86%，615/708；女性86.93%，419/482）。但男性猫毛、德国蟑螂、牛奶检测的阳性率高于女性（n P<0.05）。尘螨类变应原均在7~17岁组中阳性率最高，花粉类变应原在18~50岁组及51~80岁组中阳性率高于其他年龄组， 差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。春季尘螨类变应原阳性率要高于夏季，猫毛阳性率在秋季最低，牧草阳性率在春季最高，而豚草阳性率在秋季最高。鸡蛋白、牛奶、蟹阳性率也存在季节差异，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。n 结论:武汉地区变应性鼻炎患者最常见变应原为粉尘螨，且尘螨类变应原在不同年龄组及不同季节均存在明显差异。花粉类及食物类变应原阳性率存在季节差异，提示吸入性及食物性变应原对武汉地区变应性鼻炎患者诊疗及预防过敏具有重要价值。“,”Objective:This study aims to explore the distribution characteristics of common local allergens and provide a statistical basis for reasonable prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods:Indirect fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE) antibody for the 1 190 allergic rhinitis patients who came to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2018 to Sep 2019. Among the patients, 708 were male and 482 were female, and they were divided into 0-6 years old, 7-17 years old, 18-50 years old and 51-80 years old groups. Statistical software SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the influence of age, gender and season on the distribution characteristics of the allergens.Results:The most common allergen was dust mites, with a positive rate of 38.70% (1 034/1 190). Most of the patients were found to have a combination of two allergens (46.47%, 553/1 190). Dust mites were the most common allergens in both male and female patients with a positive rate of 86.86% (615/708) and 86.93% (419/482), respectively. But the positive rates of the cat dander, German cockroach and milk were higher in male than in female (n P<0.05). The positive rates of dust mite allergens were the highest in the 7-17 years old group, while the positive rates of pollen allergens were higher in the 18-50 and the 51-80 years old groups than in any other age groups. The positive rate for dust mites in spring was lower than in summer, and that for cat dander decreased in autumn. The positive rate of timothy grass peaked in spring, while the positive rate of ragweed peaked in autumn. The positive rates of egg white, milk and crab also had seasonal differences that were statistically significant (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:This study reflected that the most common allergen among patients with allergic rhinitis in Wuhan was dust mite, and there were significant differences in dust mite allergens found in different age groups and seasons. There were seasonal variations in the positive rates of pollen and food allergens. This suggests that the inhaled and food allergens are important for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in Wuhan.