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以1984、2000、2005和2014年的Landsat TM影像为数据源,使用ERDAS软件中的监督分类方法获得秦岭土地利用类型分布图;从时间和空间角度对单位面积生态系统服务价值当量因子进行区域修正,并利用植被覆盖度进行逐像元二次修正后,运用RS和GIS技术计算1984—2014年秦岭森林生态系统服务价值,所得结果利用敏感性指数进行验证.结果表明:1984—2014年,研究区森林面积约占总面积的77%,耕地和建设用地面积变化最明显;秦岭生态系统总服务价值逐年增长,研究期间共增长1.68×10~(17)元,增长速率最快的森林生态系统服务价值的贡献率为93.8%,水域和草地的贡献率分别为1.6%和1.3%;生态系统服务价值在空间分布上呈现出随距研究区边界距离增大而增长的状态,且与秦岭土地利用类型的空间分布和单位面积价值基本一致;各项服务功能的年变化率相差不显著,4大生态系统功能中,调节服务价值对生态系统总服务价值的贡献最大(62.7%~65.8%),而气候调节服务价值变化最大,增加4.91×10~(16)元;敏感性指数均小于1,表明修正后的服务价值指数较稳定,估算结果较可靠.秦岭森林生态系统服务价值巨大,加强森林生态系统的保护是维持秦岭生态系统稳定的有效措施.
In 1984, 2000, 2005 and 2014, Landsat TM images were used as data sources, and the land use classification maps of Qinling Mountains were obtained by using the supervised classification method in ERDAS software. Region equivalence factors of ecosystem service value per unit area were corrected from the perspective of time and space , And using vegetation cover degree to carry on pixel-by-pixel correction, the RS and GIS techniques were used to calculate the service value of forest ecosystem in Qinling from 1984 to 2014. The results were verified by using sensitivity index.The results show that from 1984 to 2014, The area of forest area accounts for about 77% of the total area, and the change of cultivated land and construction land area is the most obvious. The total service value of Qinling ecosystem increases year by year. During the study period, the total forest area increased by 1.68 × 10-17 Yuan, the fastest growing forest ecosystem The contribution rate of service value is 93.8%, and the contribution rate of water and grassland is 1.6% and 1.3% respectively. The value of ecosystem service shows an increasing spatial distribution with the increasing distance from the border of Qinling Mountains The spatial distribution of utilization types and unit area values are basically the same; the annual change rates of various service functions are not significantly different; among the four major ecosystem functions, the adjustment service The service value contributed the most to ecosystem service value (62.7% ~ 65.8%), while the climate service value changed the most, increased by 4.91 × 10 ~ (16) Yuan; the sensitivity index was less than 1, indicating that the revised service value The index is more stable and the estimation result is more reliable.The value of forest ecosystem services in Qinling is huge and strengthening the protection of forest ecosystem is an effective measure to maintain the stability of Qinling’s ecosystem.