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江苏省地处长江下游属秋大豆区北缘,过去不种秋大豆,无定型品种可供生产利用。本省南通地区历史上有玉米、黄、赤豆三夹种的习惯,但春玉米八月初收获,夏大豆要到十一月才成熟,由于作物共生期太长,玉米的增产潜力不能充分发挥,大豆容易倒伏,产量不高。针对生产上存在的这些问题,1977年用“以夏代秋”的方法开始探索试种秋大豆的可行性及寻求适宜的品种。1978年以后又发展为改间作为纯作,改6尺的宽行玉米为4尺窄行,夏大豆改为秋大豆的密玉米—秋大豆—三麦/蚕豆的新旱三熟制试验。通过生产示范和秋豆品种区域试验,肯定了秋大豆的增产作用、经济效益和本省淮南地区种植秋大豆的可能性。 本项研究在棉区进行了多年试验与大量示范。据1981—1983年31个点次1060亩统计,年总产平均为1180.5斤/亩。此外还有提高地力保后作物增产的效益。推广面积1982年为1.6万亩,1983年4万亩,1984年4.5万亩,累计约10.l万亩。以每亩平均增加收入17.6元计,迄今增加产值为177.8万元。今后的效益将随着面积的扩展而增加。
Jiangsu Province is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the northern edge of autumn soybean region, the past does not planted autumn soybean, amorphous varieties for production and utilization. The history of Nantong in the province has the habit of keeping three kinds of corn, yellow and red bean in the history. However, the spring corn is harvested in early August and the summer soybean will not mature until November. Due to the long crop symbiotic period, the yield potential of corn can not be fully utilized. Soy easy to lodging, yield is not high. In response to these problems in production, in 1977, “the summer with autumn” approach to explore the feasibility of planting autumn soybeans and to find suitable varieties. Since 1978, it has been developed into a new dry-three-cooked trial of pure corn, 6-foot wide corn with 4-foot narrower rows and summer soybean replaced with autumn soybean-autumn soybean-Sanmai / broad bean. Through the demonstration of production and the regional experiment of autumn bean varieties, it affirmed the increasing effect of autumn soybean, the economic benefit and the possibility of planting autumn soybean in Huainan of this province. This study has been carried out for many years in the cotton area and a large number of demonstration. According to statistics of 1060 mu from 31 points in 1981-1983, the total annual output is 1180.5 kg / mu. In addition, there is also the benefit of increasing the yield of protected crops. The area for promotion was 16,000 mu in 1982, 40,000 mu in 1983, 45,000 mu in 1984 and a total of about 101,000 mu. To increase the average income of 17.6 yuan per mu dollars, so far increase the output value of 1778000 yuan. The future benefits will increase with the expansion of area.