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外泌体是直径为40～100 nm的囊泡样小体，能通过与靶细胞的细胞膜融合、胞吞作用等方式将其携带的微小RNA(miRNA)、蛋白质等传递至靶细胞中，介导细胞间的信息交流并调控细胞的生理功能。近年来研究发现，外泌体miRNA在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的发生、发展及诊断中具有重要作用，有望为COPD的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。文章结合国内外研究现状，对外泌体miRNA在COPD中的作用进行综述。“,”Exosomes are sorts of small extracellular vesicles ranging approximately from 40 nm to 100 nm in diameter, which can serve as carriers transporting microRNA (miRNA), protein and others to target cells by means of cell membrane fusion and cell swallowing, further mediating cell communication and regulating cell physiological function.In recent years, the related researches have found that exosomal miRNA plays a role in the occurrence, development and clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is expected to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD.In this review, the role of exosomal miRNA in COPD will be introduced based on domestic and overseas research status.