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2010年1月12日海地(Haiti)地区发生Mw 7.0地震,最终造成约31万人遇难,同年4月4日墨西哥南加州Baja地区发生Mw 7.2地震,2人遇难.Haiti地震的矩震级与Baja地震的矩震级相当,人员伤亡却远大于后者,其原因只是Haiti地区经济不发达,建筑物抗震设防标准低、抗震性能差吗?地震造成建筑物倒塌及人员伤亡程度并非仅仅取决于建筑物的抗震程度,一方面与其释放的地震波辐射能相关,另一方面则主要与发震后造成的强地面运动的大小有关.目前尚无两个地震完整的强震观测记录,尤其是Haiti地震,针对二者构建几何尺度相同的动态复合震源模型(DCSM),选取两个地震中分别主要人员伤亡的城市太子港及Mexicalia城作为强地面运动模拟的特征城市,对比其近断层强地面运动的差异.模拟结果表明,Haiti地震近断层区域强地面运动显著高于Baja地震的强地面运动,两个地震模拟的烈度特征分布图也显示出了明显的强地面运动的差异性.因此,Haiti地震造成发震区域内建筑物损毁程度及人员伤亡情况均严重于Baja地震,重要原因之一在于Haiti地震地震波辐射能大且造成的强地面运动强.
On January 12, 2010, an Mw 7.0 earthquake hit Haiti, killing about 310,000 people. On April 4, Mw12.7 earthquake struck Baja, Southern California, and two people were killed in the Baja area of Mexico on April 4. The moment magnitudes of the Haiti earthquake and Baja The magnitude of the moment of earthquakes is quite high, but the casualties are much larger than those of the latter. The reason is only that the economy in the area of Haiti is underdeveloped, buildings have low standards of seismic fortification, and seismic performance is poor. The degree of earthquake collapse and casualties not only depends on the buildings Is related to the radiated energy of seismic waves released by it on the one hand and to the magnitude of strong ground motion caused by earthquakes on the other. There are currently no two records of strong earthquakes recorded by earthquakes, especially the Haiti earthquake, Aiming at the construction of dynamic composite hypocenter model (DCSM) with the same geometric scale, two cities, Port-au-Prince and Mexicalia, which are the major casualties of the two earthquakes, are selected as the characteristic cities with strong ground motion simulation. The simulation results show that the strong ground motion in the near-fault area of Haiti earthquake is significantly higher than that of the Baja earthquake, and the intensity distributions of the two earthquakes Also shows the obvious difference of strong ground motions.Therefore, the Haiti earthquake caused the building damage and casualties in the seismogenic area are serious than the Baja earthquake, one of the important reasons is that the Haiti earthquake seismic wave radiation is large and caused Strong strong ground movement.