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环氧化酶(cycloOXygenase,COX)是花生四烯酸(从)生成各种内源性前列腺素(PGs)过程中的限速酶,它催化产生的PGs参与机体的多种生理及病理生理过程,如炎症、发热、出凝血机制等。COX有两种同功酶:COX-1和COX-2,虽然催化同种酶反应,但两者在基因结构,表达调控上有明显不同,对于人体有不同的作用和意义。COX-1被认为是“看家”基因,几乎在所有正常组织中结构性的表达,介导维持生理性自身稳定的前列腺素的合成,具有保护胃细胞,舒张肾血管,产生血栓素等功能;COX-2为可诱生型环氧化酶,在正常生理状态下多数组织内检测不到,当细胞受到炎症信号,有丝分裂,细胞素和生长因子等刺激时表达增加。近年来研究表明:
Cyclooxygenase (cyclooxygenase, COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in arachidonic acid (from) to generate a variety of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs), which catalyze the PGs involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes , Such as inflammation, fever, a coagulation mechanism. COX has two kinds of isozymes: COX-1 and COX-2, although catalyzing the same enzyme reaction, but the two are significantly different in gene structure and expression regulation, and have different roles and significance for human body. COX-1, considered as a “housekeeping” gene, is constitutively expressed in almost all normal tissues and mediates the synthesis of physiologically stable self-stabilizing prostaglandins. It protects gastric cells, relaxes the renal blood vessels, produces thromboxane COX-2 is an inducible cyclooxygenase that can not be detected in most tissues under normal physiological conditions. When the cells are stimulated by inflammatory signals, mitosis, cytokines and growth factors, the expression is increased. In recent years, research shows that: