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目的了解北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调对场所内从业人员的健康影响。方法选择北京市丰台区使用集中空调的18家宾馆饭店和商场超市内的703名从业人员作为暴露人群,9家不使用集中空调的宾馆饭店和商场超市内的447名从业人员作为对照人群,于2012年11—12月对以上人员进行健康状况问卷调查及血样采集,检测血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE水平。结果暴露组人群最近1年平均感冒次数[(1.7±1.6)次]高于对照组[(1.4±1.2)次],最近1个月上班时间的眼部、呼吸系统、皮肤、神经系统等不适症状发生率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。暴露组人群血清IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,公共场所使用集中空调可能是人群血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响因素,与对照组相比,暴露组人群的血清IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE平均升高0.19、1.3、0.07 g/L和44 IU/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论公共场所使用集中空调可能对场所内从业人员免疫水平及相关症状产生一定影响,应加强卫生管理及监测。
Objective To understand the health effects of central air-conditioning in public places in Fengtai District of Beijing on practitioners in the premises. Methods In Fengtai district of Beijing, 183 hotels and shopping malls in 70 hotels and supermarkets in Fengtai District of Beijing were selected as the exposed population, and 447 non-centrally-controlled hotel and shopping mall supermarkets as control subjects From November to December in 2012, the questionnaires of health status and blood samples were collected and the serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE levels were measured. Results The average frequency of colds in the exposed group was (1.7 ± 1.6) times higher than that in the control group [(1.4 ± 1.2) times), and the eye, respiratory system, skin, nervous system and other discomfort during working hours in the last month Symptoms were higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The levels of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences (P <0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the use of central air conditioning in public places may be the influencing factors of serum immunoglobulin levels in the population. Compared with the control group, the serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in the exposed group increased by an average of 0.19,1.3,0.07 g / L and 44 IU / ml, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The use of centralized air conditioners in public places may have some impact on the immunization level and related symptoms of practitioners in the venues. Health management and monitoring should be strengthened.