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一、铁路干线下采煤的经验在十九世纪中叶,铁路和地面其他建筑物一样主要是采用留煤柱的方法加以保护,以免受地下采掘工作的有害影响。因为当时煤炭开采深度比较小,开采后地表变形很大,只有采用留煤柱方法保护建筑物。在开采深度比较小时,保护煤柱的尺寸是不大的。随着开采深度的增大,保护煤柱的尺寸也大大增加。因而,建筑物下采煤的问题就具有重大的意义。铁路下采煤最早的文献资料见于二十世纪初。1909年科尔汀在德国“矿工安全”杂志上发表了“地下开采对电车轨道的影响”一篇文章。他是第一个注意到电车轨道
I. Experience with Coal Mining Under the Railway Lines In the middle of the nineteenth century, railroads, like other buildings on the ground, were mainly protected by the method of retaining pillars so as not to be adversely affected by underground mining work. Because at that time the coal mining depth is relatively small, the surface deformation after mining a great deal, only the method of using coal pillar to protect the building. In the mining depth is relatively small, the size of the protective pillars is not large. As the mining depth increases, the size of the protective pillars also increases greatly. Therefore, the issue of coal mining under buildings is of great significance. The earliest literature on coal mining was found in the early twentieth century. In 1909 Körting published an article in the journal Miner’s Safety in Germany on the influence of underground mining on tramways. He was the first to notice the tramway