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TThe newly-opened Shanghai Telecom Museum keeps the footprints and every change of telecommunication industry in Shanghai in the past 100 years.
The bank of Huangpu River in Shanghai used to be the cradle of China’s telecom industry. Since the telegraph business was started in April 1871 in Shanghai, the telecom industry in this city has undergone more than one century’s development.
On June 23, 2010, Shanghai Telecom Museum was officially opened. Mr. Wu Bangguo, director of the National People’s Congress wrote the inscription for this museum. The notables attending the opening ceremony included Mr. Wu Jichuan, president of the Chinese Institute of Electronics and former Minister of Information Industry, Mr. Yang Zhengwu, head of Shanghai Municipal Department of Propaganda, Mr. Hu Wei, deputy director of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, Mr. Qian Jinglin, deputy director of Shanghai Municipal People’s Political Consultative Conference, Mr. Wangx Xiaochu, general manager of China Telecom, Mr. Shang Bin, Party chief of China Telecom and so on.
Shanghai Telecom Museum aims at retelling the history. The museum consists of five parts – the telegraph, the local telephone communication, the wireless communication, the long-distance call communication and other highlights. These parts tell the visitors the progress of Shanghai’s telecom industry with precious pictures and numerous exhibits as well as the multimedia technologies.
History of Shanghai Telecom
In 1837 an American Morse invented the telegraph machine based on sending messages with code. In 1844 he successfully sent the first message “What hath God wrought” by telegraph, telling the advent of telecom age to the world.
In China, telegraph was firstly seen in Shanghai. On April 18, 1871, Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation started their telegraph business in the Bund, Shanghai, stating the establishment of China’s telecom industry.
After the signing of “Nanjing Treaty” in 1842, there were several concessions in Shanghai, where the foreigners had privileges. The powerful countries at that time, represented by Russia, Great Britain, France and so on, coveted Shanghai for its geographical advantages. They wanted to set up telegraph cables in Shanghai but were rejected by the local officials.
However, these people were not willing to give up. They tried every means, even the illegal and dirty ways to realize their goal. The British Great Eastern Telegraph Corporation and Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation signed an undercover agreement to set up telegraph in Shanghai. 1870, the Denmark company founded its Shanghai station and one year later the company secretly set up underwater telegraph cable in this city and started their business on April 18, 1871. This was the first underwater telegraph in China and Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation was the first foreign telecom company in China. This also meant the establishment of Shanghai’s telecom industry.
The Disgraceful History
In 1876, an American scientist Bell invented the telephone. Six years later, Denmark Great North Corporation set up a manual telephone exchange station on No. 7, the Bund to operate the telephone business inside the concession. This was the first local call business operation center in Shanghai.
China’s self-owned telephone bureau was established in 1907, which was responsible for the telephone business outside the concessions. However, the concessions were in the downtown where a lot people lived. In addition to the advanced technology of foreign operators, the telephone business in the concessions saw fast development. In comparison, China’s own telephone business kept stagnant in development due to the geographical remoteness and behindhand technology. The foreign operators always craved for further expansion and tried every means to keep Chinese domestic operators from seeing progress.
On May 1, 1955, the Shanghai Municipal Telephone Bureau was established. The organization was responsible for managing, planning and developing the local call business in Shanghai. That put an end to the era when two different telephone networks were available in Shanghai.
The Development after 1949
After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, Shanghai’s telecom industry went through fast development. Shanghai became the first city in China to have unified and coordinated 7-digital and 8-digital telephone numbers. Notable is the congratulation letter from Mr. Jiang Zemin, then Party chief of Shanghai and previous secretary-general of the CPC when Shanghai’s telephone number upgraded from 6-digital to 7-digital on November 12, 1989.
The wireless communication industry in Shanghai saw the use of short wave radio in 1927. The self-owned transit telegraph station connecting China and the Philippines was available in 1929, putting an end to the 60 years’ monopoly of foreign international communication business in China. In 1930, the Zhenru short wave transition station was built, featuring the fast development of Shanghai’s international wireless communication. In 1972 a satellite earth station was established in Shanghai. Ten years later the mobile phone system was put into use and the wireless paging business was started in 1984.
The high power valve is an important and vulnerable part of the transmitter. After Shanghai’s liberation in 1949, the Zhenru transition station nearly ran out of its high power valves which could threaten the connectivity of international communication and the operation of China News Agency. Most of the transmitters were from the USA which set up limitations over the export of these components to China. The other countries increased the price to an unaffordable level. Therefore, the workers in Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau decided to live on their own. At first, they repaired the old valves successfully in 1958 and then began to commit themselves to developing new valves which saw success in 1963. The success saved a lot of money for China, secured the smoothness of communication in Shanghai and helped the radio industry development in the other cities of China. The new valve was awarded the first prize of the Renovation to the National Key Technologies of Posts and Telecommunications in 1964.
How Does the 114 Work?
In 1931, the American Shanghai Telephone Co.’s workers took the lead in searching for the telephone number with revolving file folder, which greatly improved their working efficiency.
The revolving file folder consisted of many small units which contain telephone numbers. These small units were arranged according to the customer categories and number of strokes. Each unit was composed of round iron shelves with slots on the upper and lower sides. Each shelf could contain 450 pieces of file format films, each of which could include 42 pieces of information. The revolving file folder kept all the telephone numbers in Shanghai at that time. In 1933 the American Shanghai Telephone Co. began to apply the Chinese code on the folder. When people dialed 09 and the phone were connected to the telephone number inquiry provider. The skillful workers could find the telephone numbers based on the requirement by looking up in the revolving file folder. The process only lasted 20 seconds.
Using the revolving file folder to search for the telephone number was unique in China. This method was still used in the 114 telephone inquiry system in Shanghai till 1989 when it was replaced by computers.
The bank of Huangpu River in Shanghai used to be the cradle of China’s telecom industry. Since the telegraph business was started in April 1871 in Shanghai, the telecom industry in this city has undergone more than one century’s development.
On June 23, 2010, Shanghai Telecom Museum was officially opened. Mr. Wu Bangguo, director of the National People’s Congress wrote the inscription for this museum. The notables attending the opening ceremony included Mr. Wu Jichuan, president of the Chinese Institute of Electronics and former Minister of Information Industry, Mr. Yang Zhengwu, head of Shanghai Municipal Department of Propaganda, Mr. Hu Wei, deputy director of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, Mr. Qian Jinglin, deputy director of Shanghai Municipal People’s Political Consultative Conference, Mr. Wangx Xiaochu, general manager of China Telecom, Mr. Shang Bin, Party chief of China Telecom and so on.
Shanghai Telecom Museum aims at retelling the history. The museum consists of five parts – the telegraph, the local telephone communication, the wireless communication, the long-distance call communication and other highlights. These parts tell the visitors the progress of Shanghai’s telecom industry with precious pictures and numerous exhibits as well as the multimedia technologies.
History of Shanghai Telecom
In 1837 an American Morse invented the telegraph machine based on sending messages with code. In 1844 he successfully sent the first message “What hath God wrought” by telegraph, telling the advent of telecom age to the world.
In China, telegraph was firstly seen in Shanghai. On April 18, 1871, Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation started their telegraph business in the Bund, Shanghai, stating the establishment of China’s telecom industry.
After the signing of “Nanjing Treaty” in 1842, there were several concessions in Shanghai, where the foreigners had privileges. The powerful countries at that time, represented by Russia, Great Britain, France and so on, coveted Shanghai for its geographical advantages. They wanted to set up telegraph cables in Shanghai but were rejected by the local officials.
However, these people were not willing to give up. They tried every means, even the illegal and dirty ways to realize their goal. The British Great Eastern Telegraph Corporation and Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation signed an undercover agreement to set up telegraph in Shanghai. 1870, the Denmark company founded its Shanghai station and one year later the company secretly set up underwater telegraph cable in this city and started their business on April 18, 1871. This was the first underwater telegraph in China and Denmark Great North Telegraph Corporation was the first foreign telecom company in China. This also meant the establishment of Shanghai’s telecom industry.
The Disgraceful History
In 1876, an American scientist Bell invented the telephone. Six years later, Denmark Great North Corporation set up a manual telephone exchange station on No. 7, the Bund to operate the telephone business inside the concession. This was the first local call business operation center in Shanghai.
China’s self-owned telephone bureau was established in 1907, which was responsible for the telephone business outside the concessions. However, the concessions were in the downtown where a lot people lived. In addition to the advanced technology of foreign operators, the telephone business in the concessions saw fast development. In comparison, China’s own telephone business kept stagnant in development due to the geographical remoteness and behindhand technology. The foreign operators always craved for further expansion and tried every means to keep Chinese domestic operators from seeing progress.
On May 1, 1955, the Shanghai Municipal Telephone Bureau was established. The organization was responsible for managing, planning and developing the local call business in Shanghai. That put an end to the era when two different telephone networks were available in Shanghai.
The Development after 1949
After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, Shanghai’s telecom industry went through fast development. Shanghai became the first city in China to have unified and coordinated 7-digital and 8-digital telephone numbers. Notable is the congratulation letter from Mr. Jiang Zemin, then Party chief of Shanghai and previous secretary-general of the CPC when Shanghai’s telephone number upgraded from 6-digital to 7-digital on November 12, 1989.
The wireless communication industry in Shanghai saw the use of short wave radio in 1927. The self-owned transit telegraph station connecting China and the Philippines was available in 1929, putting an end to the 60 years’ monopoly of foreign international communication business in China. In 1930, the Zhenru short wave transition station was built, featuring the fast development of Shanghai’s international wireless communication. In 1972 a satellite earth station was established in Shanghai. Ten years later the mobile phone system was put into use and the wireless paging business was started in 1984.
The high power valve is an important and vulnerable part of the transmitter. After Shanghai’s liberation in 1949, the Zhenru transition station nearly ran out of its high power valves which could threaten the connectivity of international communication and the operation of China News Agency. Most of the transmitters were from the USA which set up limitations over the export of these components to China. The other countries increased the price to an unaffordable level. Therefore, the workers in Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau decided to live on their own. At first, they repaired the old valves successfully in 1958 and then began to commit themselves to developing new valves which saw success in 1963. The success saved a lot of money for China, secured the smoothness of communication in Shanghai and helped the radio industry development in the other cities of China. The new valve was awarded the first prize of the Renovation to the National Key Technologies of Posts and Telecommunications in 1964.
How Does the 114 Work?
In 1931, the American Shanghai Telephone Co.’s workers took the lead in searching for the telephone number with revolving file folder, which greatly improved their working efficiency.
The revolving file folder consisted of many small units which contain telephone numbers. These small units were arranged according to the customer categories and number of strokes. Each unit was composed of round iron shelves with slots on the upper and lower sides. Each shelf could contain 450 pieces of file format films, each of which could include 42 pieces of information. The revolving file folder kept all the telephone numbers in Shanghai at that time. In 1933 the American Shanghai Telephone Co. began to apply the Chinese code on the folder. When people dialed 09 and the phone were connected to the telephone number inquiry provider. The skillful workers could find the telephone numbers based on the requirement by looking up in the revolving file folder. The process only lasted 20 seconds.
Using the revolving file folder to search for the telephone number was unique in China. This method was still used in the 114 telephone inquiry system in Shanghai till 1989 when it was replaced by computers.