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目的:探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）固定治疗股骨转子间骨折失效的原因及危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月期间天津市第五中心医院骨科采用PFNA固定治疗的568例股骨转子间骨折患者资料。男348例，女220例；年龄为44~93岁，平均74.6岁。根据骨折稳定性将患者分为两组：稳定组424例，骨折AO分型为31-A1型、31-A2.1型；不稳定组144例，骨折AO分型为31-A2.2型、31-A2.3型、31-A3型。比较两组患者的骨折复位质量、内固定失效率及患髋功能等。并应用单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析PFNA固定治疗股骨转子间骨折失效的危险因素。结果:两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义（n P>0.05），具有可比性。术后共有19例患者发生内固定失效。失效原因：螺旋刀片退出13例，股骨颈短缩17例，髋内翻畸形14例，螺旋刀片切出14例。稳定组患者的失效率为1.2%（5/424），显著低于不稳定组患者[9.7%（14/144）]，末次随访时髋关节Harris评分[98 (95，100)分]显著高于不稳定组患者[84 (82，87)分]，差异均有统计学意义(n P0.05）。多因素分析结果显示：骨质疏松（n OR=7.283，95%n CI：1.626~32.623，n P=0.009）和不稳定型骨折（n OR=11.607，95%n CI：4.039~33.355，n P 0.05). Internal fixation failure occurred in 19 cases, which was caused by spiral blade withdrawal in 13 cases, femoral neck shortening in 17 cases, hip varus in 14 cases, and spiral blade cut-out in 14 cases. The failure rate for the stable group was 1.2% (5/424), significantly lower than that for the unstable group [9.7%,(14/144)] (n P<0.05). The Harris hip score at the last follow-up for the stable group [98(95,100)] was significantly higher than that for the unstable group [84 (82, 87)] (n P0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis (n OR=7.283, 95%n CI: 1.626 to 32.623, n P=0.009) and unstable fracture (n OR=11.607, 95%n CI: 4.039 to 33.355, n P<0.001) were risk factors responsible for the failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.n Conclusions:PFNA fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fracture can lead to a high failure rate. It forms a lever like structure so that the main stress is shifted to the internal fixation. Its lever fulcrum is located at the angle of intramedullary fixation so that a long arm forms at the load-bearing side, leading to a high failure rate. The weight-free time should be longer for patients with osteoporosis and unstable fracture after operation.