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对于国内的西方马克思主义研究者来说,德国哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫的成名作《乌托邦精神》并不陌生,可是,对于写作此书之前的青年布洛赫,了解得就不够了。本文对德国哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫的早期的思想谱系进行了详细的解析,辨识了布洛赫哲学的人本主义源头。青年布洛赫既受到犹太教神学的影响,又接受了现代人本主义的反资本主义立场,而陀思妥也夫斯基的宗教人学对于布洛赫哲学的基本特色有着决定性的作用。本文认为,上述三方面思想虽然有较大差异,但都可以视为某种广义的人本主义哲学。这是青年布洛赫写作《乌托邦精神》时的思想框架,导致布洛赫对马克思主义哲学进行了人本学化的解释。
For the domestic Western Marxist researchers, the famous German Ernst Bloch, known as the “utopian spirit,” is no stranger to this, but not enough for the young Bloch, who wrote this book . This essay analyzes in detail the early ideological pedigree of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch, and identifies the source of Bloch’s humanism. Bloch was influenced by Jewish theology and accepted the anti-capitalist standpoint of modern humanism. The religious studies of Dostoevsky played a decisive role in the basic features of Bloch’s philosophy. This article argues that although there is a big difference between the above three thoughts, they all can be regarded as some kind of generalized humanistic philosophy. This is the ideological framework that Young Bloch wrote in “Utopian Spirit”, leading Bloch to interpret Marxist philosophy as humanistic.