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危重症患儿营养不良发生率居高不下,肠外营养(PN)支持是改善患儿营养状况的主要方式之一,合理的PN途径及其维护是PN实施的基本保障。临床需根据PN配方的浓度、渗透浓度、酸碱度及输注持续时间来选择适宜的静脉途径。静脉途径主要分为外周静脉途径及中心静脉途径两大类,中心静脉途径包括经皮直接穿刺中心静脉、经外周静脉置入中心静脉途径和输液港。合理选择PN途径并做好相关置管操作、导管日常维护可有效降低导管相关并发症的发生率。
The incidence of malnutrition in critically ill children is high, and parenteral nutrition (PN) support is one of the main ways to improve the nutritional status of children. The proper PN route and its maintenance are the basic guarantees of PN implementation. Clinical need to PN formulations according to the concentration, osmolality, pH and duration of infusion to select the appropriate venous route. Intravenous route is divided into peripheral venous route and central venous route two categories, the central venous route includes the direct percutaneous puncture of the central vein, the peripheral vein into the central venous access and infusion port. Reasonable choice of PN pathway and related catheterization, routine catheter maintenance can effectively reduce the incidence of catheter-related complications.