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感应电场是非保守力场,也称为涡旋电场,是有旋度的场,因而对感应电场不能应用标量势的概念。但我们经常遇到存在感应电场时,求导体内的电位差的问题。这个电位差仍是库仑场产生的。导体处于变化的磁场中时总电场为库仑电场和感应电场的矢量和。库仑电场的线积分定义为电位差,感应电场的线积分定义为电动势,当导体不闭合时,两端电位差等于电动势,两者数值,单位均相同,但两者有完全不同的物理意义。
The induced electric field is a non-conservative force field, also known as a vortex field, which is a curvilinear field and therefore can not be used for the concept of scalar potential. But we often encounter the existence of induced electric field, the problem of seeking the potential difference within the conductor. This potential difference is still generated by the Coulomb field. When the conductor is in a changing magnetic field, the total electric field is the vector sum of the Coulomb’s electric field and the induced electric field. The Coulomb’s linear integral is defined as the potential difference. The linear integral of the induced electric field is defined as the electromotive force. When the conductor is not closed, the potential difference between the two ends equals the electromotive force. Both values and units are the same, but the two have completely different physical meanings.